This
is a list of excerpts from books and articles to demonstrate the level of
brain mapping and reading today. SQUID seems to be the basis of classified
technology used to read brainwaves remotely. In The Brain Code, Mechanisms
of Information Transfer and the Role of the Corpus Callosum by Noram D.
Cook, 1986, he writes phrases such as the "brain code are used to
describe the set of fundamental rules concerning how information is stored
and transmitted from site to site within the brain. ...how large groups of
neurons transmit the images, thoughts and feelings which we suspect are the
fundamental units of our psychological lives. ...The perspective on brain
function discussed in the following chapters is not claimed to be a complete
unraveling of the brain code, but I do believe that it is the beginning of
same and that the direction of future developments is already clearly
indicated."
Coyle,
Anna.(1992, Sept.14). Science and Technology: The Machine That Watches You
Think. Independent (London). Pg.14.
"Doctors
and medical scientists soon will be able to watch the human brain
"thinking". With the aid of a device no bigger than a pinhead,
they will be able to see exactly where and how electrical signals are
traveling around the brain. ..."We are aiming to build up an
image of where the current is flowing," says Dr. Steven Swithenby,
director of the Biomagnetism group at Open University... ...Squid is the
acronym for superconducting quantum interference device, and it measures
magnetic flux or field extremely accurately at ultra-low levels, such as the
level reached when a group of neurons in the brain is triggered. The
device is made of a ring of superconducting material, usually niobium metal,
a few millimeters wide, with a slice of insulator, a few atoms thick, sandwiched
into the loop. when an electric current is applied to this superconductor,
the flowing current generates a magnetic field around the wire loop. Inside
the superconducting loop this magnetic field is extremely sensitive to any
changes in magnetism. If a change in magnetic field is detected, the current
flow in the Squid changes to re-adjust the field strength to counter the
external force. ...But there is still the problem of interpreting the
information. "We can look at what is going on in the head, but it
takes a lot of mathematics to unscramble the whole mess so that we can make
a sensible image," Dr. Swithenby says. ...The magnetic field
generated by the brain in response to an external stimulus, and measured by
the Squid, is about 100 millions times weaker than the Earth's magnetic
field, and a million times weaker than the magnetic fields around
overhead power cables. ...A less expensive and more practical approach, used
at the Open University, is to couple the Squid to another device known as a gradiometer.
In effect the gradiometer is a matched pair of (non-superconducting)
magnetometers placed between the Squid and the patient's head. One of the
pair measures the external magnetic field outside the brain, the other
measured the total field, including the contribution from the brain, and the
difference between the two is measured by the Squid....The so-called
high-temperature superconductors-metal oxides that can work at temperatures
of up to 100 degrees above absolute zero- are the next stage in the
development of workable machines. ..."In three or four years' time,
who knows what Squids will be made of?" Squids are not new: they
were first postulated by the theoretical physicist Anthony Leggett at the
University of Illinois in the early Eighties."
Author's
note. These articles give examples of how thoughts could be detected
remotely. It is not impossible, especially with the will to develop this
technology before the Soviets do, for example.
Hanley,
John M.D.(1985,June17. Aviation Week, Pg.156.
"...It
has never been necessary to stick something into pilots, or anybody else for
the purpose of obtaining brainwave signals. It was pointed out 50 years ago
by B.H.C. Matthews that non-invasive scalp electrodes provide the necessary
sensing, and that is the method most in use around the world today. As for
sticking something onto pilots, the evolution of sensors has a branch of
non-adhesive, contact electrodes, highly stable examples of which were
developed in our Space Biology Laboratory almost 20 years ago under NASA
contracts, and put to practical use in a variety of environments, both space
and terrestrial. The continued evolution of the electrode has inevitably
traversed the path from non-adhesive and contact to remote, non-contact
sensing. Fourteen years ago, Adey and Silver, of the University of
California at Los Angeles and Aerospace Corp., respectively, at that time,
proposed cryomagnetic sensing of the EEG. Magnetoencephalograms were
obtained by Cohen of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology one year
later. Moreover, sophisticated machine recognition of EEG correlates of
states of awareness from the subtleties of pilot reclination to sleep in the
space environment have been achieved within the last two decades. Clearly,
dogmatic assertions that present technology has remained at the stick-on or
-in electrode and gross delta wave era belong with scriptural championing of
slingshots as state-of-the-art weaponry.
No
author. (1989, July 5). Magnetic Fields of the Brain. PR Newswire. Lexis-Nexis.
"The
human brain is alive with pulsating magnetic fields. ...The brain's nerve
cells, called neurons, are triggered by small electrical currents. This has
been known for decades and doctors routinely record the intensity and
patterns of these electrical brain waves. ...Today, highly sensitive
detectors can spot even these faint magnetic fields and [physicist Samuel]
Williamson a member of the American Physical Society, and his colleagues are
busy mapping the brain's magnetic activity. Every brain function,
from imagining a pay raise to lifting a forefinger, uses the neurons of a
specific location. Detecting magnetic fields can pinpoint these geographical
areas. In one instance, Williamson discovered which part of the brain
generated a magnetic field when a subject moved a forefinger. Moving the
thumb produced fields from a slightly different spot. "Our sensory and
motor systems are tied to highly specific brain areas," says
Williamson. "in one experiment we passed a brush over the tip-center
and base of a person's finger. We found that this produced magnetic fields
from three distinct areas of the brain." Magnetic research of the brain
is of great interest to surgeons, doctors, and psychologists. With this
tool specific brain locations are being linked to specific body activities.
In the area of psychology, monitoring the brain's magnetic activity is
helping determine the nature of imagination and thought processes.
...this feature is from the American Institute of Physics' Science
Report."
No
author.(1996,Oct.8).Pictoral Proof of Brain Damage Caused by Cocaine and
Alcohol Seen in New Quantitative EEG Studies: BEAM Study Provides New Light
on Brain Disorders. PR Newswire.
"Measurements
of "brain waves" using state-of -the-art quantitative
electroencephalography (QEEG) -- or brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM)
demonstrate that both cocaine and alcohol abuse/dependence significantly
worsen such pre-existing brain abnormalities as attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression, mental distress, anxiety
disorder, and paranoid schizophrenia, according to medical research by Eric
R. Braverman, MD. and Kenneth Blum, Ph.D. both affiliated with the PATH
Foundation, a not-for-profit scientific foundation of Princeton, New Jersey.
...since they [QEEG and BEAM] are relatively easily, quick and
potentially inexpensive to administer...Unlike other brain imaging
techniques, it can be administered in a doctor's office. ...Other work by
Drs. Braverman and Blum, as well as by other researchers, suggests that a
mentally ill population--including teens and adults--have strongly disturbed
brain waves even prior to their substance abuse. This study again documents
that the mentally ill population have brain electrical and chemical
imbalances. ...BEAM is a brain stress test using light, sound, cognition,
and electrical stimulation to generate dramatic pictures of total brain
health.
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